England - Conflict - Tudor Stuart - Cornish Rebellion

Cornish Rebellion

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Amidst the imposing tapestry of Tudor history, replete with its tales of grandeur and political intrigue, there emerges a tale of simple folk, fuelled by faith and identity, taking on the behemoth of the English Crown. The year was 1497, and the spectre of taxation, raised to support a campaign against Scotland, weighed heavily upon the people of Cornwall. However, this was not just a story of fiscal discontent, for behind the grumblings about money lay the deeper resonance of cultural and linguistic identity, and a resentment of distant Tudor rule. It was a tale to be written in blood and bravery, and would come to be known as the Cornish Rebellion.

Cornwall, with its unique language and proud traditions, had little love for the Tudor monarch, Henry VII, seated in his distant palace. The imposition of the tax, levied by Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset and the king's chief tax collector, was the proverbial straw that broke the camel’s back. To the Cornish, this was not merely about money but about the very essence of their identity.

The flames of rebellion were kindled in St. Keverne, led by a blacksmith named Michael An Gof, and a lawyer, Thomas Flamank. They, along with a charismatic noble named Lord Audley, would spearhead a movement that saw thousands of Cornishmen marching towards London, a force of simple men with simple desires – justice, respect, and recognition.

The rebellion’s pivotal moment came on June 17, 1497, at the Battle of Deptford Bridge, often known as the Battle of Blackheath. Here, the Cornish forces, passionate but ill-equipped, faced a professional Tudor army led by Giles, Lord Daubeney. While the Cornish fought valiantly, even managing to break through the English lines at one point, they were eventually outmatched by the superior tactics and firepower of the royal forces. Michael An Gof and Flamank led their troops with valour, but the Cornish could not withstand the onslaught. The leaders, including Lord Audley, were subsequently captured.

The aftermath was grim but predictable. The leaders of the rebellion, men who had ignited the spark of hope in Cornish hearts, were executed. An Gof and Flamank were hung, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn, while Audley met his end at Tower Hill. As for the rest, many were pardoned, largely because the Crown realised the dangers of further inflaming Cornish sentiments.

In the annals of British history, the Cornish Rebellion stands not as a grand clash of empires or a game of thrones, but as a poignant testament to the spirit of a people. It reminds us that empires, however grand, are always accountable to the simplest of their subjects. And while the rebellion may have been quelled, the spirit of Cornwall, with its rugged cliffs, its songs, and its tales, remains indomitable. For in the words of Michael An Gof, spoken before his execution: "I have a name, and I am a Cornishman." And sometimes, that is identity enough.

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Reference: Article by Greg Scott (Staff Historian), 2024

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