William of Orange, also known as William III, was born on November 4, 1650, in The Hague, Netherlands. He was the son of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, Princess Royal, the daughter of King Charles I of England.

As a child, William was raised as a Protestant and received a good education in languages, history, and military strategy. He became the Prince of Orange at the age of three, following the death of his father.

In 1672, William faced a crisis when France invaded the Dutch Republic, a federation of seven provinces in the Low Countries. William led the resistance against the French and eventually secured peace with the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678.

In 1688, William was invited to England by a group of Protestant nobles who were concerned about the Catholicism of King James II, who was also his father-in-law. William and his wife Mary, who was also James II's daughter, landed in England with a fleet of ships and an army of about 20,000 men. This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, led to James II fleeing to France and William and Mary ascending to the throne as joint monarchs.

During his reign, William faced many challenges, including wars with France and internal conflicts with the English Parliament. He is also known for his role in the Act of Settlement of 1701, which established the order of succession to the English throne, excluding Catholic heirs.

William died in 1702 as a result of injuries sustained from a fall from his horse. He was succeeded by his sister-in-law, Queen Anne, who was also the daughter of James II.

William of Orange died on March 8, 1702, in Kensington Palace, London, as a result of injuries sustained from a fall from his horse. He had been riding his horse on a wet and slippery road when he fell and suffered a broken collarbone. Despite the severity of his injury, he continued to attend to his duties as King until his condition worsened.

William's death was a great loss to England and the Dutch Republic, as he was a skilled military leader and statesman. He was also a strong advocate for Protestantism and the balance of power in Europe.

Following William's death, his sister-in-law, Queen Anne, succeeded him as monarch of England. Anne was the daughter of James II and had been excluded from the succession due to her Catholic faith. However, she had converted to Protestantism and was seen as a more acceptable choice for the throne than the Catholic heirs.

During her reign, Queen Anne faced many of the same challenges as William, including wars with France and conflicts with Parliament. She was also known for her patronage of the arts and literature, and her support for the Act of Union, which united England and Scotland into a single kingdom in 1707.

Overall, William's death marked the end of an era and the beginning of a new one in English history. His legacy as a skilled leader and defender of Protestantism and European balance of power continued to influence politics and international relations for many years to come.